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Fig. 5. Flies maintain better closed-loop control of an expansion/contraction
pattern than a full-field rotatory pattern. The fly controls the direction and
velocity of either a full-field rotational (A) or a lateral
expansion/contraction pattern (B) by adjusting the difference between left and
right wing stroke amplitude. (C) The fly's ability to hold the pattern steady
is reflected by the variance in the position over a series of 1 s windows. (D)
A sinusoidal bias is added to the feedback signal to challenge the fly's
ability to control the pattern. The variance in position is much larger when
the fly controls the position of a rotational pattern when compared to the
expansion/contraction pattern.