Fig. 2. Effects of clipping the right lateral vitelline vein on hemodynamic parameters in the stage-17 chick embryo. (A) Heart rate (beats min^-1); (B) peak systolic velocity (mm s^-1); (C) time-averaged velocity (mm s^-1); (D) peak blood flow (mm³ s^-1); (E) mean blood flow (mm³ s^-1); (F) peak acceleration (mm s^-2); (G) stroke volume (mm³). Values of net changes from baseline level of all hemodynamic parameters at corresponding times (h) are shown as means ± S.E.M. Solid circles, clipped group (N=16); open circles, control group (N=16). *P<0.05 for the comparison with baseline values within groups. The profiles in B—E and G are in a parallel position to each other, which indicates a significant difference in the net changes from baseline level throughout the 5 h study period. The profiles in A and F do not run parallel to each other, therefore paired t-tests were performed for these parameters to compare values between both groups at the different measurement points, P<0.05.

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