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Fig. 1. Schematic representation of an animal cell with the potential means of regulating intracellular pH. (1), metabolic interconversion of acids and bases. (2), buffering; HA represents a weak acid or base with a dissociation constant in the physiological pH range. (3), transport of acids and bases across cell membranes; carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to yield H2CO3, which then dissociates to H+, HCO3-, and CO32- (an abbreviated reaction is shown).





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