Fig. 5. Routes of ants trained with the cylinder at 2 m from the start. (A-C) Paths of three ants with the cylinder (filled circle) in place. Each ant followed a different route that was consistent from trial to trial. (D-F) Paths from the same three ants in tests with the cylinder removed (the open circle indicates the normal position of the absent cylinder). (G-J) Mean trajectories of individual ants trained with the cylinder 2 m from the start (G,H) are compared with a similar plot for ants trained with the cylinder 1 m from the start (I,J). Eight or more trajectories contribute to each mean. Trajectories are significantly more dispersed in G and H than they are in I and J. The grey bar shows the direct path from start to landmark.

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