|
| |
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
|
Fig. 4. The undulatory motion typical of tethered larvae. (A) The shape of the tail
of a larva at any instant was described by the trunk angle (
), position
of inflection points on the tail (z) and the curvature of the tail
between the inflection points (
*). The trunk angle was positive when
the tail was bent to the right and negative when bent to the left of the body.
(B) Changes in the midline of the tail of a larva over a single tail beat.
Notice that as time progresses (to the right), inflection points (filled
circles) move down the midline in the posterior direction (away from the base
of the tail). (C-E) Points represent measurements of each kinematic parameter
and the curves are found by a least-squares fit to functions described in the
Materials and methods. (C) The curvature of bends between inflection points
(with a period 
) in both concave-left and concave-right bends (having
an amplitude 
). (D) The propagation of inflection points begins at the
tail base with a phase lag of 
with respect to a zero value of the trunk
angle. (E) The trunk angle oscillates with time (with a period P).
The vertical gray bands show when the trunk angle is directed towards the left
side of the body, and white bands occur when the trunk angle is directed to
the right.
|
