Fig. 1. Lemon fruit and Arabidopsis thaliana Vma16p homologues lack the first putative TM1, yet complement the vma16 yeast strain. (A) Complementation of the yeast null mutant by the plant VMA16 cDNAs. Yeast cells lacking the VMA16 gene were transformed with the pYES2 shuttle vector carrying the Arabidopsis thaliana (A-VMA16), lemon fruit (L-VMA16) or the endogenous (Y-VMA16) cDNA. The growth phenotype of the transformants was tested on YPD medium buffered at pH 5.5 or 7.5, on YPGal plates, pH 7.5, with 2% galactose and 0.2% fructose, and minimal medium without uracil (–URA). The yeast cells were grown for 4 days at 30°C, except for the YPGal plate that was left for 7 days at 30°C. WT, wild type. (B) Protein sequence alignment of Vma16p from various species: mouse (AF356006), human (D89052), C. elegans (Z68317), Citrus lemon (AY226999) (this paper), Arabidopsis thaliana (AY226998) (this paper) and S. cerevisiae (U_10399). Black boxes indicate identical residues; shaded boxes indicate similar residues. Putative transmembrane regions are indicated by dark lines labeled TM1–TM5.

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