Fig. 3. Kinematics in hyperoxic air. As ambient air was replaced with hyperoxic heliox, air density decreased and oxygen concentration increased simultaneously. During normoxia trials, ambient air was replaced with normoxic heliox so that air density decreased but oxygen concentration remained at 21%. Hummingbird kinematics in hyperoxia were equivalent to those in normoxia. Values are means ± S.E.M. See text for details. %O₂ is the oxygen concentration at each density under hyperoxia.

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