Fig. 3. The gratings used in the resolution tests. (A) The bees were trained on vertical versus horizontal gratings of period 5° with baffles in place. They were tested with vertical or horizontal gratings of various periods. The results are given in Fig. 4B. (B) New bees were trained on coarse oblique gratings or (C) with fine gratings of various periods. The results are given in Fig. 4B. (D,E) The bees were trained on a grating of period 5° versus grey. The grating alternated between horizontal (H) and vertical (V) every 5 min to remove the orientation cue. The results of tests with H gratings versus grey and V gratings versus grey are given in Fig. 4C. +, rewarded training pattern; –, training pattern without reward.

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