Fig. 2. A single 0.5 h training session is sufficient to produce a memory that persists for 3 h but not 4 h in Lymnaea. (A) 20 naïve snails were pre-injected with saline 2.5 h before receiving a single session of operant conditioning training of 0.5 h duration (1). When tested 3 h later (MT) memory was observed. That is, the number of attempted pneumostome openings in the memory test session was significantly less (P<0.01) than the number in the operant conditioning training session. (B) A second naïve cohort of snails (N=20) was trained as in A, except that memory was tested 4 h after the training session. No memory was observed. That is, the number of attempted openings in the memory test (0.5 h) session was not statistically different (NSD) from the number of attempted openings in the training session (P>0.05).

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