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Fig. 1. Hypothetical representation of cellular iron uptake pathways in fish combining data from gill and intestine. See text for more details. Briefly, ferric iron (Fe3+) is reduced via an apical membrane bound ferric reductase (FR). Ferrous iron (Fe2+) enters the cell via a Fe2+/H+ symporter (DMT1). Basolateral Fe2+ export occurs via an iron regulated transporter (IREG1), also known as ferroportin. IREG1 is linked to a membrane-bound copper-containing oxidase, termed hephaestin (HP), that oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+. Fe3+ binds to transferrin (TF) in the blood. Li, aquatic ligand.





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