Fig. 3. The effect of experience on urine release: percentage of time urine is
released by winners (filled columns) and losers (open columns) during first
(N=16), second (N=15) and third (N=8) fights of
winners and spontaneously (Spont.) (N=39). Values are means +1 S.E.M.
Asterisks denote significant differences between winner and loser
(**P<0.01, *P<0.05; multi-way
ANOVA for repeated measures). Crayfish are more likely to release urine in a
fight than spontaneously (P<0.01; paired t-test). No
difference was found in urine release for winners or for losers between first,
second and third fights.
