Fig. 4. Relationship between measured speed (thick black line) and simulated speed
(colored dots and lines) during the passive ascent periods of a king penguin
(A) and an Adélie penguin (B). Values beside the lines are air volume
(1) that might be kept by birds ascending passively (1 atm) used in the model
simulation. Measured decompression ratio and ascent angles are shown as thick
black lines. Simulated decompression ratios and lift coefficients are also
shown (colored dots and lines), assuming that each bird had 1.2 (A) or 0.9
litres (B) of air (1 atm). The depths at which the birds stopped flipper
beating are indicated.
