Fig. 4. The effects of surgical manipulations on the initiation of ecdysis in
larvae and pupae. Animals were injected with 200 pmol of ecdysis-triggering
hormone (ETH) (at 0 min), and surgery was performed 20 min later (black
arrow). Controls were not treated surgically. ShamBr had their head capsule
punctured and forceps inserted into the head region. ShamLig had a ligature
placed and tightened between the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) and the
thoracic ganglia (TG); the ligature was then removed. Major ganglia were
eliminated as described in the Materials and methods. Decerebration,
—Brain; removal of the brain and SOG, —Br/SOG; removal of the
brain, SOG and thoracic ganglia, —Br-TG; removal of the terminal
abdominal ganglion, —Terminal. Bars are mean times + S.E.M. Sample sizes
are indicated in parentheses. Letters represent significant differences from
controls within groups (P<0.001), as determined by analysis of
variance using the Tukey test for differences (
=0.05). Different
letters denote significantly different values within a group
(P<0.001).
