Fig. 4. Differences in joint angles between pairs of 15 kg monkeys. Each stick figure represents a comparison of two monkeys. Markers at each joint (A), limb segment (B) and angular excursion line (C) are shaped to indicate whether a difference in joint angle (or excursion) was predicted to exist between these monkeys (based on the differences in body proportions; see Table 2). Markers are shaded to indicate whether that prediction was observed. Solid lines represent individual limb segments, while broken lines represent either forelimbs or hindlimbs. Monkeys with longer limb segments were predicted to have more extended joint postures and lower protraction and retraction angles than monkeys with shorter limb segments. Markers in B illustrate whether predicted differences were observed in shoulder, forelimb, hip and hindlimb protraction and retraction angles. Markers in C illustrate comparisons between joint angular excursions. Where significant differences exist, the animal with longer limb segments had more extended joint postures at mid-stance, as well as lower protraction and retraction angles at touch-down (TD) and lift-off (LO), respectively. M, male; F, female.

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