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Fig. 1. Rationale for the effects of body proportion on limb posture. Animals with
longer limbs will have longer moment arms (R) and will experience
increased joint moments compared with shorter-limbed animals [assuming that
force magnitude, ground reaction force (GRF), and body posture are constant].
As a consequence, animals with longer limb segments below a joint are expected
to adopt more extended joint postures to moderate the joint moments that they
experience; that is, the product of GRF and R is smaller for the limb
on the left (with R1) than for the limb on the right (with
R2).