Fig. 14. Kinematics of the dorso-ventral lengths of the I3 muscle compared with measurements in the same magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Data in A—D are plotted as length (mm) as a function of time (ms). Data from the model are plotted using a black line; data measured from the MRIs are plotted using a grey line. On the left side are plots of the dorso-ventral I3 length at the lateral groove. On the right side are plots of the dorso-ventral I3 length at the jaws. The match between the model and measured data is excellent for all four swallows throughout the swallowing cycle. (A) I3 dorso-ventral kinematics in the first swallow. (B) I3 dorso-ventral kinematics in the second swallow. (C) I3 dorso-ventral kinematics in the third swallow. (D) I3 dorso-ventral kinematics in the fourth swallow. (E) Normalized, averaged and smoothed I3 dorso-ventral kinematics during a swallowing cycle. Values are means ±1 S.D. (N=4). Note the overall match in the right-hand and left-hand plots between the average model data and the average MRI data. The model overestimates the dorso-ventral length of I3 at the lateral groove during protraction (t4 period, left).

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