Fig. 4. (A) Responses of the tympanic membrane (black), medial footplate (red), lateral footplate (pink), medial operculum (dark brown) and lateral operculum (orange) of a male bullfrog (SVL 123.2 mm). The inset shows a representation of the left stapes and operculum, indicating the approximate positions of the reflective beads that defined the measurement positions during the experiments. There are two beads on the stapes footplate and two on the operculum. The colours of the beads, represented as dots, match the corresponding response curves. The footplate and opercular responses were adjusted for the response of the parotic crest (not shown) and for velocity component angles of 57° (footplate) and 20° (operculum). (B) Phase lag between the medial and the lateral footplate positions (red) and between the lateral and medial opercular positions (black).

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