Fig. 2. (A) Responses of the left tympanic membrane (black), stapes footplate (red), operculum (orange) and parotic crest (green) in a male bullfrog (SVL 123.6 mm). Note that the responses of the footplate and operculum are greater than that of the parotic crest at all but the lowest and highest frequencies. (B) Phase lags between the tympanic membrane and footplate (black) and between the footplate and operculum (red). The footplate vibrates 180° out-of-phase with the tympanic membrane at low frequencies, this phase lag increasing with frequency. However, the footplate and operculum vibrate in phase over a wide frequency range.

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