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Fig. 10. Diagrammatic representation of the extrastapes and stapes of the bullfrog
(see Fig. 11 for labelling of
anatomical structures). Measurements of the vertical components of the
velocity are made from two positions, A and B, on the
extrastapes. The vertical velocity measurements VAV and
VBV, at points A and B, respectively,
together with the horizontal distance between the beads,
dA-dB, are used to calculate the
horizontal position of the apparent axis of rotation (see text for details).
In the case illustrated, the axis of rotation of the extrastapes coincides
with the footplate axis. lA, distance between A
and the footplate axis; lB, distance between B
and the footplate axis; VA, velocity at A;
VB, velocity at B; 
A,
B, angles between lA and
lB, respectively, and the horizontal.
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