Fig. 3. Time-lapse photo sequence of active movement of dye resultant from ventral nerve cord (VNC) oscillations in P. unipuncta adult moths. (A) Diagram of abdomen in dorsal view indicating the site of dye introduction in the anterior abdomen (arrow) and the region where the dye reappears in the posterior (double arrowheads). (B) Insertion of the syringe through the copious amounts of fat body at the site of injection (arrow). (C—F) Photographic sequence at 0.1 s intervals after injection showing the appearance of dye in the region of the posterior abdomen dorsal to the terminal abdominal ganglion.

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