Fig. 2. Responses of ants to the angular height of the wall. (A,C) Cumulative plots of mean headings, with 95% confidence intervals, for different wall heights and starting positions. Ants were trained on the 20 cm route with a wall that was 20 cm high and 120 cm long with the food 100 cm in the x direction. They were tested with different starting positions and wall heights. In A, ants were presented with the wall as in training and were released at a point either 20 or 40 cm from the wall. In C, the wall height was increased to 40 cm, and ants were released at 20 or 40 cm from the wall. Asterisks show where the mean path departs significantly (^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.005) from a course parallel to the wall (dashed lines). (B,D) Individual paths plotted in terms of the angular height of the nearest part of the wall to the ant against the ant's distance along the wall. Traces stop at the point where the ant turned back towards the start position. The dotted line at 45° represents the angular height of the wall in the training condition. In B, the wall is 20 cm high, with a start position 40 cm from the wall. In D, the wall is 40 cm high, with a start position 20 cm from the wall.

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