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Fig. 5. An adult male jumping and launching into flapping flight. (A) Selected
images from the jump sequence. The abdomen is curled forwards as the wings are
elevated and then moves backwards as the wings are depressed. (B) Graphs of
the changes in the angles of the joints between the meso- and metathorax
(m/m), between the metathorax and abdomen (m/a) and between the femur and
tibia (f/t) of a hind leg. The height of the tip of a hind wing and the height
of the body above the ground are also plotted. The take-off velocity was
0.6ms-1 at an angle of 10°, so that the trajectory was forwards
and upwards.