Fig. 2. The initial movements of an S-start and a shallow C-start of the muskellunge (Esox masquinongy). (A—F) S-start behavior of the muskellunge. The fish bends into an S shape early in the behavior, 16-32 ms after initiation of movement (B,C) followed by the return of the tail in the opposite direction to form an L-shaped bend by 64 ms. (G—L) A shallow C-start. A comparison of S-start images B and C with C-start images H and I demonstrates the difference in caudal bending between these two response types. Time (t) is shown in milliseconds. Scale bar, 100 mm.

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