Fig. 1. Muscle attachment sites in the frog Rana pipiens. (A) Attachment sites on the pelvis. The thigh muscles were dissected, and the proximal portion of each muscle, except CR (cruralis) and SM (semimembranosus) in this particular specimen, was left intact and attached to the pelvis. CR and SM muscles were completely removed from the pelvis. The pelvis/femur/muscle complex was scanned with a three-dimensional laser scanner, and the three-dimensional image is shown. Ventral, dorsal, caudal, lateral and rostral views are shown from top left to bottom right. Muscle attachment sites are marked on the image by the appropriate abbreviations (see below). (B) Attachment sites surrounding the knee joint. Thigh and calf muscles were dissected, and the portion of each muscle attached at the knee joint was left intact. The femur/tibiofibula/muscle complex was scanned with a three-dimensional laser scanner, and the three-dimensional image is shown. Ventral, dorsal, posterior and anterior views are shown from top left to bottom right. Muscle abbreviations are as follows: semimembranosus (SM), gracilus major (GR), adductor magnus dorsal and ventral heads (ADd and ADv), cruralis (CR), gluteus magnus (GL), semitendinosus ventral and dorsal heads (STv and STd), combined distal tendons of STv and STd (ST) iliofibularis (ILf), iliacus externus (ILe), iliacus internus (ILi), sartorius (SA), tensor fascia latae (TFL), tibialis (TA), peroneus (PE) and plantarus (PL), obturator internus and externus (OI and OE), quadratus femoris (QF) and pectineus (Pec).

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