Fig. 1. Schematic lateral view of the skull of a generalized salmonid showing the tongue-bite apparatus (TBA). For illustrative purposes, the suspensorial and most of the gill arch elements have been excluded and the position of the lower jaw has been artificially lowered to allow all the elements of the TBA to be visible. MJA, mandibular jaw apparatus. The proposed movements of cranial elements during raking are overlaid. A, preparatory phase; B, power stroke; C, recovery phase; SH, sternohyoideus muscle; CBL, cleithrobranchial ligament. Retraction of the pectoral girdle (cleithrum) during the power stroke of raking provides a posterior force on the hyoid via the sternohyoideus and/or cleithrobranchial ligament. See text for details.
