Fig. 2. Video frames of a 4.4 cm dorsal mantle length Lolliguncula brevis swimming tail-first at 3 and 24 cm s–1 (upper frames) and arms-first at 3 and 12 cm s–1 (lower frames). Mantle and arm angles of attack decrease with increasing swimming speed for both swimming orientations. Angle of attack differences are less pronounced for arms-first swimming because a more restricted velocity range is considered (L. brevis only swims arms-first at low to intermediate speeds). Note that the trailing body section, whether the arms during tail-first swimming or the mantle during arms-first swimming, is often positioned at higher angles of attack than the leading body section.
