Fig. 7. The timing of dorso–ventral back kinematics relative to footfalls for three dogs trotting at their self-selected speed. Each trace follows oscillations in an angle with end-points over each girdle, with a point mid-way between the girdles as the vertex. Each trace is an average of five locomotor cycles. The time course of dorso–ventral kinematics is expressed relative to one locomotor cycle. Arrows highlight maximum extension and flexion, and are keyed to the outlines of a trotting dog taken from a video recording.
