Fig.6. The effects of treatments with pharmacological agents on crystal formation in planulae. Artificial sea water (ASW; N=17) and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide in ASW (DMSO; N=9) serve as controls. Diltiazem (Dz; 0.001mmoll^-1; N=14), nifedipine (Nif; 0.1mmoll^-1; N=10) and verapamil (Vp; 0.001mmoll^-1; N=16) are inhibitors of L-type calcium channels. Ruthenium Red (RR; 0.1mmoll^-1; N=12) is an inhibitor of Ca²⁺-ATPases. Caffeine (Caff; 0.1mmoll^-1; N=15), procaine (Proc; 0.001mmoll^-1; N=12), and ryanodine (Ry; 0.001mmoll^-1; N=11) are modulators of ryanodine-sensitive calcium stores. Acetazolamide (AZ; 0.01mmoll^-1; N=13) is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, and DIDS (0.001mM; N=13) is an inhibitor of anion transport. Crystal production in the presence of inhibitors is compared with that in ASW (N=17) and 1% DMSO (N=9) controls. *Significant difference compared to ASW; **significant difference compared to ASW and 1% DMSO for treatments requiring DMSO. Values are means ± S.E.M.

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