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First published online April 17, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 1248-1258 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.025395
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Glutamine accumulation and up-regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in the swamp eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), exposed to brackish water

Chia Y. Tok1, Shit F. Chew2, Wendy Y. X. Peh1, Ai M. Loong1, Wai P. Wong1 and Yuen K. Ip1,*

1 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
2 Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Rates (µmol day–1 g–1 fish) of (A) ammonia and (B) urea excretion in Monopterus albus kept in freshwater (control; open bars) for 8 days or exposed to a progressive increase in salinity (filled bars) from freshwater (1{per thousand}) to 25{per thousand} water followed by exposure to 25{per thousand} water for a total of 4 days. Results represent means ± s.e.m. (N=6 for control, N=4 for experimental fish). *Significantly different from the corresponding control value, P<0.05; means of rates within the control group (open bars) or within the experimental fish group (filled bars) with different letters are significantly different, P<0.05.

 

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  		Fig. 2. Concentration (µmol ml–1 tissue water) of (A) Na+, (B) K+ and (C) Cl– in the muscle of M. albus kept in freshwater (control) or exposed to 25{per thousand} water for 4 days after a progressive increase in salinity from freshwater. Results represent means ± s.e.m. (N=5). *Significantly different from the corresponding control value, P<0.05.

 

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  		Fig. 3. (A) Representative immunoblots of glutamine synthetase (GS) from muscle and liver of M. albus kept in freshwater (control) or exposed to 25{per thousand} water for 4 days after a progressive increase in salinity from freshwater, (B) relative abundance of immunoreactive bands of GS from muscle (N=3) and (C) relative abundance of immunoreactive bands of GS from liver (N=4). Results represent means ± s.e.m. *Significantly different from the corresponding control value, P<0.05.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2009