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First published online March 27, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 1092-1100 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.027029

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Endogenous signaling pathways and chemical communication between sperm and egg

Patrick J. Krug¹, Jeffrey A. Riffell² and Richard K. Zimmer^3,4,*

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
² ARL Division of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
³ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
⁴ Neurosciences Program and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

View larger version (8K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Percentage composition (means ± 1 s.e.m.) of dissolved free (A) tryptophan and (B) tyramine in tissues of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens.

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Percentage composition (means ± 1 s.e.m.) of 18 dissolved free amino acids (excluding taurine and tyramine) in tissues of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens. One letter codes for amino acids: E, glutamic acid; R, arginine; D, aspartic acid; S, serine; G, glycine; A, alanine; T, threonine; V, valine; H, histidine; I, isoleucine; L, leucine; Y, tyrosine; Q, glutamine; F, phenylalanine; K, lysine; M, methionine; W, tryptophan; N, asparagine. Asterisks (*) denote contributions of <1%.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Percentage composition (means ± 1 s.d.) of dissolved free taurine and 18 coding amino acids (CAAs) in tissues of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens. See text for details.

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A) The accumulation and attenuation of sperm attractant (tryptophan) in solution over time, after release from individual eggs of red abalone, Halitois rufescens; values are means ± 1 s.e.m. Tryptophan was released at a constant rate during the first 45 min of each experimental period, and then decayed exponentially until trials were terminated after 120 min. (B) A logistic regression line describing the relationship between time after spawning and percentage of eggs fertilized; values are means ± 1 s.e.m. After the first 30 min, fertilization success was reduced to nil over the next 50 min. No significant difference was found between eggs fertilized within the first 30 min, and eggs freshly spawned at the end of the experiment and mixed with 120-min-old sperm (white square; one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett's t-tests: P>0.99). Thus, egg fertility, but not sperm fertility, decreased over time during this experiment. Some error bars are smaller than symbol sizes.

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