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First published online February 27, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 815-822 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.022111
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Yolk androgens and the development of avian immunity: an experiment in jackdaws (Corvus monedula)

Maria I. Sandell*, Michael Tobler and Dennis Hasselquist

Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Sweden


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Mean (±1 s.e.m.) titres of antibody against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prior to challenge and eight days after the challenge in jackdaw chicks hatched from eggs with elevated yolk androgens (open circles) and control eggs (filled circles).

 

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  		Fig. 2. Mean residual immune score (±1 s.e.m.) in response to a challenge of diphtheria/tetanus antigens of jackdaw chicks hatched from eggs with elevated yolk androgen or control eggs. The y-axis reflects residuals of the statistical model (see Materials and methods) with year as a fixed factor.

 

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  		Fig. 3. Mean residual scores (±1 s.e.m.) in wing web swelling in response to a phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) challenge in jackdaw chicks hatched from eggs with elevated yolk androgens or control eggs. The y-axis reflects residuals from the statistical model including year as a fixed factor (see Materials and methods).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2009