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First published online February 27, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 802-807 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.025973
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Freeze tolerance, supercooling points and ice formation: comparative studies on the subzero temperature survival of limno-terrestrial tardigrades

S. Hengherr1, M. R. Worland2, A. Reuner1, F. Brümmer1 and R. O. Schill1,*

1 Universität Stuttgart, Biological Institute, Department of Zoology, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
2 British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Representative thermogram illustrating the freeze–thaw cycle of starved animals of Paramacrobiotus richtersi `group 1' which were kept at room temperature and placed separately in the pan. Each peak in the cooling period indicates a freezing exotherm of an individual tardigrade. Mean values of the supercooling points are given in Table 2. The peak of the melting endotherm close to 0°C represents the melting of the frozen body water of all specimens together.

 

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  		Fig. 2. Nucleating temperatures of the tested tardigrades plotted as a function of the logarithm of their water content. The data points are indicated as triangles. 1 indicates the data point of E. granulatus and 2 that of E. testudo. The ellipse indicates the cluster of all eutardigrades used in this study. The broken line is the linear regression line of the data points (squares) of pure water samples observed by MacKenzie and colleagues (MacKenzie et al., 1977Go) and Wilson and colleagues (Wilson et al., 2003Go). The solid line is the linear regression line of data points (circles) obtained from freeze avoiding insects [modified from Zachariassen et al. (Zachariassen et al., 2004Go)].

 

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