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First published online February 13, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 648-655 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.024786
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A complex mechanism of call recognition in the katydid Neoconocephalus affinis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Sarah L. Bush*, Oliver M. Beckers and Johannes Schul

Tucker Hall, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Male calls of Neoconocephalus affinis. (A) Typical oscillogram clarifying the double pulse structure of the call. Brackets indicate periods 1 and 2 (p1, p2) as well as opening and closing pulses (o1,o2, c1,c2). (B) Durations of the opening pulses and of the closing pulses (means±s.d., N=8). Values are given separately for period 1 and 2. (C) Amplitude of the closing pulse (relative to that of c2) as a function of pulse period. Owing to the alternating pulse periods, two value combinations are given in B and C.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. (Top) Phonotaxis scores (means±s.e.m., N=8–11) of female N. affinis in response to various stimuli. (Bottom) Oscillograms of the stimuli used. This experiment tested the importance of opening pulses (1–4) and the double pulse structure (5–11). For further explanations see text.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Phonotaxis scores in response to stimuli that vary in (A) amplitude of plateau 1 relative to plateau 2 and (B) duration of plateau 2. Pulse duration was 78 ms in all stimuli. N=9–11 females per stimulus.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Importance of the durations of plateaus 1 and 2 for phonotactic responses of N. affinis. The bars indicate the phonotaxis score (means±s.e.m.; N=8–11) for the respective parameter combination (see inset for the scale of the phonotaxis score; PS). The baseline of each bar is positioned on the duration of plateau 2. Black bars indicate significant responses, and white bars indicate non-significant responses. Rise and fall times were constant for all stimuli.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Response function for stimuli that vary in pulse rate. Pulse duration (and therefore rate) was varied by altering proportionately the durations of the two plateaus (series 1) or of all temporal components of the pulse (series 2). N=8 females per stimulus.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Results of the spectral analysis. (A) Examples of AM spectra for three stimuli. Left: spectrum of an attractive stimulus [phonotaxis scores (PS)=0.85]; right: spectra of two different unattractive stimuli (dotted line: PS=0.06; solid line PS=–0.01). The arrow indicates the position of the second harmonic; note its attenuation relative to the first harmonic. (B) Phonotaxis scores as a function of the first harmonic in the AM spectrum of the stimulus. (C) The phonotaxis scores as a function of the amplitude difference between the spectral peak closest to 12.7 Hz and its second harmonic at or near 25.4 Hz. All data points in the frequency bins between 11.7 and 13.7 Hz are included.

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. (Top) Oscillograms illustrating how every other pulse was elongated to produce either arrhythmic stimuli (A1 and A2) or rhythmic stimuli (R) in which the subsequent pulse aligned with the correct timing of the standard (STD) pattern. (Bottom) Phonotaxis scores for the standard, arrhythmic and rhythmic stimuli (N=9 females per stimulus). The three series differed in whether pulses were elongated by lengthening the first plateau (squares), the second plateau (circles), or both plateaus (triangles). AR and RH represent phonotaxis scores to the arrhythmic shuffle and rhythmic shuffle, respectively, in which 41 pulses differing in duration were arranged in a sequence that was either arrhythmic or rhythmic with respect to the standard pattern (N=8).

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 8. Data from Fig. 3B plotted with the corresponding amplitude difference between the 12.7 and 25.4 Hz FFT spectral peaks.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2009