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First published online January 30, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 483-493 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.025262

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Physiological variation in amethyst sunbirds (Chalcomitra amethystina) over an altitudinal gradient in winter

Claire V. Lindsay, Colleen T. Downs^* and Mark Brown

School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa

View larger version (7K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Pre- and post-acclimation O2 values for three subpopulations of amethyst sunbirds in winter (Underberg 1555 m asl, Howick 1075 m asl, and Oribi Gorge 541 m asl) at 5°C (A) and 25°C (B).

View larger version (41K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Pre- versus post-acclimation O2 (ml O2 g–1 h–1) of the Underberg subpopulation of amethyst sunbirds in winter, 17:00–07:00 h at 5 and 25°C (mean ± s.e.m., N=9).

View larger version (35K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Pre- versus post-acclimation O2 (ml O2 g–1 h–1) of the Howick subpopulation of amethyst sunbirds in winter, 17:00–07:00 h at 5 and 25°C (mean ± s.e.m., N=6).

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Pre- versus post-acclimation O2 (ml O2 g–1 h–1) of the Oribi Gorge subpopulation of amethyst sunbirds in winter, 17:00–07:00 h at 5 and 25°C (mean ± s.e.m., N=8).

View larger version (60K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Post-acclimation O2 (ml O2 g–1 h–1) in the Underberg subpopulation of amethyst sunbirds over a range of temperatures (Ta) in winter (mean ± s.e.m., N=8).

View larger version (50K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Post-acclimation O2 (ml O2 g–1 h–1) in the Howick subpopulation of amethyst sunbirds over a range of temperatures (Ta) in winter (mean ± s.e.m., N=6).

View larger version (51K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Post-acclimation O2 (ml O2 g–1 h–1) in the Oribi Gorge subpopulation of amethyst sunbirds over a range of temperatures (Ta) in winter (mean ± s.e.m., N=9).

View larger version (6K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Post-acclimation mean resting metabolic rates (O2, mean ± s.e.m.) for the three winter acclimatized subpopulations of amethyst sunbirds (Underberg, Howick and Oribi Gorge) at Ta=5, 10, 15, 20, 28, 30, 33°C.

View larger version (5K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Change in body mass (g) of amethyst sunbirds between pre- and post-acclimation trials in winter.

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