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First published online January 30, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 453-459 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.023879
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The role of the arthropod stomatogastric nervous system in moulting behaviour and ecdysis

Amir Ayali

Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. The arthropod stomatogastric nervous system. The stomatogastric ganglia and associated nerves are shown (black) in lobster (A) and locust (B), including their nerve connections to the rest of the nervous system (shaded grey) and to the targets they innervate (schematic representation only). COG, commissural ganglion; FG, frontal ganglion; HG, hypocerebral ganglion; IG, ingluvial ganglion; OEG, oesophageal ganglion; SOG, suboesophageal ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. (A) A fifth instar larvae desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, at pre-ecdysis hanging upside down from a perch after air swallowing. Notice the swelling of the body and the parted wing buds (compare with the mid-instar locust shown in B). The head is strongly tilted as a result of the inflated foregut and crop. (C) A locust at the stage shown in A was surgically opened mid-dorsally to expose the fully inflated foregut and balloon-like crop, normally used to exert pressure and split open the old cuticle at ecdysis. (D) A newly-ecdysed adult cockroach, Periplaneta americana, (bottom) is at the final stages of expansion of the new cuticle, extending the antenna, legs and wings. The exuvium (old cuticle, top) is suspended in the ecdysis posture, showing the pronotal split of the old cuticle (arrow). All photographs by A.A.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Ecdysis of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. The swelling of the water-inflated stomach and the lifting of the carapace (A, arrow) cause the animal to roll onto its side. As in insects, throughout the process (B,C), and up to the time of complete withdrawal (D), the animal retains an elevated internal pressure (as a result of water uptake), which is used for expansion of the new cuticle (D, asterisk marks the old exuvium). Images are courtesy of Rich Galiano.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2009