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First published online December 26, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 231-237 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.022640
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Peak energy turnover in lactating European hares: the role of fat reserves

T. G. Valencak*, F. Tataruch and T. Ruf

Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstrasse 1, A-1160 Vienna, Austria


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Gross (triangles) and metabolizable (filled circles) energy intake in the course of lactation. The right axis shows energy intake as a multiple of resting metabolic rate (RMR). Means over pooled data from all three seasons ± s.e.m. from a total of 50 lactation periods in 28 females.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Metabolizable energy intake throughout lactation (means) and at peak lactation (weeks 2–4) at three time-points within the breeding season. Means ± s.e.m. from 50 lactation periods and 28 females.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Milk fat content (of dry-matter content) in the course of the year. Means ± s.e.m. from 22 milk samples from all study years (six from spring, 11 from summer, five from autumn).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Total milk energy transfer (in kJ day–1) to young over the entire lactation period (means shown as filled circles) and at peak lactation (weeks 2–4, shown as triangles) in the course of the reproductive season. Means ± s.e.m. from 50 lactation periods in 28 females.

 

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  		Fig. 5. The percentage of undecanoic acid (C 11:0) in the milk of lactating females over the reproductive season, related to all fatty acids determined, means ± s.e.m., N=16 from the year 2005 only.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Peri-renal white adipose tissue in non-reproducing (Non-rep.) and reproducing (Rep.) European hares, immediately after weaning of young. Means ± s.e.m. from 78 non-reproducing and 19 reproducing individuals.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2009