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First published online December 26, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 225-230 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.024190

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Food deprivation during photosensitive and photorefractory life-history stages affects the reproductive cycle in the migratory Red-headed Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps)

Puja Budki, Sangeeta Rani and Vinod Kumar^*

IRHPA Center for Excellence in Biological Rhythm Research, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effects of prior exposure to restricted feeding regimes on subsequent photoperiodic induction of seasonal responses in photosensitive male Red-headed Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps). Birds (N=6–8) were first exposed for eight weeks to dim 12 h light: 12 h darkness (12L:12D; L=5 lux, D=0 lux) with restricted feeding (RF) regimes [6 h food present: 18 h food absent, P:A 6:18 (group 1, open circle) or P:A 12:12 (group 2, closed circle)] and then subsequently subjected for another 13 weeks to a highly stimulatory photoperiod (16L:8D; L=400 lux; D=0 lux) with food ad libitum (free food, FF). The vertical dashed line indicates the boundary between the 12L:12D and 16L:8D exposures. The response was recorded as changes in fat deposition and body mass, testis growth, body molt (or regeneration of feathers) and wing primary molt at intervals of 1–4 weeks during the 21-week experiment. In all figures, means (±s.e.m.) of the collected data are presented. Clearly, the exposure to restricted feeding regimes had an effect on subsequent induction of reproductive functions (e.g. testis growth and development).

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effects of prior exposure to restricted feeding regimes on subsequent induction of seasonal responses under long days in photorefractory male Red-headed Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps). Birds (N=6–8) were first exposed for eight weeks to dim 12 h light: 12 h darkness (12L:12D; L=5 lux, D=0 lux) with restricted feeding (RF) regimes [6 h food present: 18 h food absent, P:A 6:18 (group 3, open circle) or P:A 12:12 (group 4, closed circle)] and then subsequently subjected for another 13 weeks to a highly stimulatory photoperiod (16L:8D; L=400 lux; D=0 lux) with food ad libitum (free food, FF). The vertical dashed line indicates the boundary between the 12L:12D and 16L:8D exposures. All other details are the same as in Fig. 1.

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