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First published online May 15, 2009
Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 1745-1752 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
doi: 10.1242/jeb.026054
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Ion uptake and acid secretion in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Pung-Pung Hwang

Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Model of the ion-regulatory mechanism in zebrafish skin/gill ionocytes. Three types of ionocytes, H+-ATPase-rich (HR), Na+–K+-ATPase-rich (NaR) and Na+–Cl– cotransporter (NCC) cells, express different sets of ion transporters and/or enzymes, and are respectively responsible for acid secretion/Na+ uptake, Ca2+ uptake and Cl– uptake. A question mark indicates an unidentified pathway. CA2, carbonic anhydrase 2-like a; CA15, carbonic anhydrase 15a; ClC, Cl– channel; ECaC, epithelial Ca2+ channel; HA, H+-ATPase; NBC, Na+–HCO3– cotransporter; NCC, Na+–Cl– cotransporter; NCX, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1b; NHE, Na+/H+ exchanger 3b; NKA, Na+–K+-ATPase; PMCA, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 2.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Double immunocytochemistry and/or in situ hybridization of ionocytes in zebrafish embryos at 5 days post-fertilization. (A) NaR cells (red) were labelled with NKA while HR cells (green) were labelled with H+-ATPase (HA). Labelled cells are shown on the right at higher magnification. (B) zNBC1 mRNA was expressed in a specific group of ionocytes (arrows). (C,D) NCC cells (black) labelled with zNCCg mRNA were different from HR cells (green) and NaR cells (red). (E) zAE1 mRNA was expressed in a specific group of ionocytes (arrows). Antibodies for immunocytochemistry: an anti-avian NKA {alpha}-subunit monoclonal antibody and an anti-killifish HA A subunit polyclonal antibody. RNA probes for in situ hybridization: zNCCg, nt639–2162 (EF591989); zNBC1, nt1363–3217 (EF634453); zAE1, nt1363–3217 (FJ211592).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Effects of environmental Cl– levels on zAE1 mRNA expression in zebrafish gills. Zebrafish were acclimated to high Cl– (10 mmol l–1 Cl–) and low Cl– (0.04 mmol l–1 Cl–) for 1 week. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis did not show a significant difference between the two groups (Student's t-test, P>0.05). Means ± s.d. (N=4).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Comparison of ionocytes between zebrafish, rainbow trout and tilapia. Solid and dotted lines indicate higher and lower homology, respectively, among ionocytes of the different species. CA, carbonic anhydrase; MR, mitochondria rich; NCX, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger; NKCC, Na+–K+–Cl– cotransporter; PNA, peanut lectin agglutinin.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2009