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First published online April 18, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 1386-1393 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.014688
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The effects of acute temperature change on swimming performance in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus

Emily A. Jones, Arianne S. Jong and David J. Ellerby*

Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Relationship between caudal fin beat frequency and swimming speed in bluegill sunfish at a range of water temperatures. All data were collected in air-saturated water except for the high O2 condition at 30°C where oxygen levels were elevated to 12 mg l–1, using 100% oxygen. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. (N=6, air saturated oxygen concentrations; N=5, elevated oxygen concentration 30°C).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. (A) Relationship between maximal undulatory swimming speed and water temperature. (B) Relationship between caudal fin beat frequency at maximal undulatory swimming speed and water temperature. Filled symbols, air-saturated water; open symbol elevated oxygen concentration at 30°C. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. (N=6, air saturated oxygen concentrations; N=5, elevated oxygen concentration 30°C). Numbers beside symbols denote homogenous subsets as established by Scheffé post-hoc analyses (P>0.05).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Relationship between pectoral fin beat frequency and swimming speed in bluegill sunfish at a range of water temperatures. All data were collected in air saturated water except for the high O2 condition at 30°C, where oxygen levels were elevated to 12 mg l–1 using 100% oxygen. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. (N=6, air saturated oxygen concentrations; N=5, elevated oxygen concentration 30°C).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. (A) Relationship between maximal labriform swimming speed and water temperature. (B) Relationship between pectoral fin beat frequency at maximal labriform swimming speed and water temperature. Filled symbols, air saturated water; open symbol elevated oxygen concentration at 30°C. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. (N=6, air saturated oxygen concentrations; N=5, elevated oxygen concentration 30°C). Numbers beside symbols denote homogenous subsets as established by Scheffé post-hoc analyses (P>0.05).

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. In vitro mechanical performance of a bluegill sunfish abductor superficialis fascicle at a range of temperatures. (A) Applied stimulus and strain and the resulting fascicle stress. Broken lines show fascicle strain, unbroken lines show stress. (B) Work loops showing fascicle stress plotted in relation to strain. In both plots the thickened portions of the stress traces show when the fascicle was being stimulated. The stimulus onsets and durations were those that produced maximal power output. Strains are shown relative to resting length, LR. Stresses are shown relative to peak isometric tetanic stress, P0. Data are representative traces from a single fascicle.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Relationship between abductor superficialis power output and cycle frequency at a range of temperatures. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. (N=6). Values marked with an asterisk are significantly different from the in vitro cycle frequency within that temperature treatment (P<0.05). Within the data for each temperature, the lowest cycle frequency is equal to the in vivo pectoral fin beat frequency.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008