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First published online March 28, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 1249-1256 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.017301
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Cuticular hydrocarbons as queen adoption cues in the invasive Argentine ant

Gissella M. Vásquez, Coby Schal and Jules Silverman*

Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. (A) Discriminant analysis of 12 variables (relative proportions of cuticular hydrocarbons) selected by stepwise discriminant analysis for queens from four L. humile colonies (CHH, COC, FOR, RTP) used in the queen adoption assay for which queen cuticular hydrocarbons were extracted with solvent and (B) discriminant analysis of 13 variables selected by stepwise discriminant analysis for queens from the same four L. humile colonies for which queen cuticular hydrocarbons were sampled using a non-destructive method. + marks the centroid of each group.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Relationship between cuticular hydrocarbon profile similarities (generalized square distance between colony centroids) of L. humile queens based on 12 variables and recipient colony response (0=adoption, 1=physical attack, 2=intruder killed) to non-nestmate queens introduced in queenless (diamonds), single queen (squares), and multiple queen (triangles) colonies.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Discriminant analysis of nine variables selected by stepwise discriminant analysis for L. humile queens from four colonies (CHH, COC, FOR, RTP). Cuticular hydrocarbons of queens were sampled 24 h before introduction and 2 weeks after adoption by queenless recipient FOR colonies (COC and FOR queens) and queenless recipient RTP colonies (CHH and RTP queens) using a non-destructive method. + marks the centroid of each group.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. (A). Discriminant analyses of four variables selected by stepwise discriminant analysis for three groups of L. humile queens each treated with nestmate queen hydrocarbons (RTP), non-nestmate queen hydrocarbons (FOR), and hexane (HEX) and (B) discriminant analyses of five variables selected by stepwise discriminant analysis for two groups of treated L. humile queens that were either attacked or not attacked by nestmate workers. + marks the centroid of each group.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008