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First published online February 15, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 798-804 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.014621
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Temperature–oxygen interactions in Antarctic nudibranch egg masses

H. Arthur Woods1,* and Amy L. Moran2

1 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Adults and egg masses of Tritonia challengeriana (Antarctic; A,C,E) and T. diomedea (temperate; B,D,F). (A,B) Adults. (C,D) Egg masses (macro view). The egg mass of T. challengeriana (C) is in situ; the egg mass of T. diomedea was removed from its substrate with a razor blade. (E) Cut section of a egg mass of T. challengeriana with embryos spilling out of the cut end, showing gelatinous egg string in which embryos are contained. White spheroids are individual embryos at an early cleavage stage. (F) Uncut sections of coiled egg mass of T. diomedea, showing embryos (small yellow dots) in egg capsules (clusters of yellow embryos) contained within the mucous sleeve.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. (A) Cross section of egg mass of T. challengeriana showing central embryos (many of which have fallen out) and the robust mass wall. Scale bar, 500 µm. (B) Single egg of T. challengeriana surrounded by egg capsule. Scale bar, 100 µm.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Metabolic rates of early, mid- and late-stage embryos of T. challengeriana at two different temperatures. Each point and its associated error bars represent the slope (and error) of a linear regression of oxygen consumption versus number of embryos per vial (6–8 vials per point). See Marsh and Manahan (Marsh and Manahan, 1999Go) for details of the method. Q10 values for metabolism were 18.8, 30.0 and 9.6 for early-, mid- and late-stage embryos, respectively.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Oxygen profiles in paired pieces of egg mass (N=7) from T. challengeriana at two temperatures. Values are means ± s.e.m., just visible behind the data symbols. SW, air-bubbled seawater around the egg mass.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Simulated radial O2 profiles in egg masses of T. challengeriana. Early, mid and late refer to developmental stage. Blue indicates simulations based on measured values at –1.5°C, and orange indicates values at +1.5°C.

 




© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008