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First published online February 1, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 531-538 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.013136

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Competition between immune function and lipid transport for the protein apolipophorin III leads to stress-induced immunosuppression in crickets

S. A. Adamo^1,*, J. L. Roberts¹, R. H. Easy² and N. W. Ross²

¹ Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada
² Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. SDS-PAGE gel (see Materials and methods) of cricket hemolymph from control and flying crickets. Molecular mass markers (kDa) are shown on the right. The circles denote the location of apoLpIII. The numbers 1 and 2 on each gel denote the bands that were used to determine the relative changes in the density of the apoLpIII band.

View larger version (3K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Total lipid in the hemolymph increases 60 min after a 5 min flight. Values are means ± s.e.m. Control (not flown) N=13; 15 min, N=11; 60 min, N=11; 90 min, N=10; 120 min, N=10.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The effect of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) on: (A) total lipid in hemolymph, control N=4, AKH N=5; (B) relative amount of apoLpIII, measured as the band darkness ratio (see Materials and methods); control N=4, AKH N=4; (C) resistance to infection with S. marcescens, control N=58, AKH N=58. Bars in A and B are means ± 95% CI. The differences between AKH and vehicle-injected controls are statistically significant in A, B and C (see text).

View larger version (34K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The effect of preloading flying crickets with trehalose on: (A) total lipid in hemolymph of flying cricket preloaded with trehalose (Tre Fly) and of flying cricket preloaded with insect Ringer (R Fly) N=12, control (Con) N=10; (B) relative amount of free apoLpIII, measured as the band darkness ratio (see Materials and methods) N=4/group; (C) resistance to infection with S. marcescens, R Con N=35, Tre Con N=37, Tre Fly N=39, R Fly, N=39. Bars are means with 95% CI in A and B. Con, non-flying control; R Con, non-flying control preloaded with insect Ringer; Tre Con, non-flying cricket injected with trehalose. NS, not significantly different. In B and C there is a significant decreasing trend across groups (see text).

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of preloading apoLpIII on flight-induced immunosuppression. ApoLpIII, crickets pre-loaded with apoLpIII (N=23); Ringer, crickets preloaded with insect Ringer (N=23); Imm. Ch., crickets injected with an immune challenge of heat killed S. marcescens (N=19); Control, crickets given the LD50 challenge, but not flown or injected (N=23). Mortality was significantly less in the apoLpIII group compared with Ringer-injected crickets (G=5.8, P<0.05) and was not significantly different from controls (G=2.45, P>0.1). n.s., not significantly different.

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