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First published online February 1, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 524-530 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.011874
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Cryoprotective dehydration and the resistance to inoculative freezing in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica

Michael A. Elnitsky1,*, Scott A. L. Hayward2,3, Joseph P. Rinehart2,4, David L. Denlinger2 and Richard E. Lee, Jr1

1 Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
2 Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
3 School of Biological Sciences, Liverpool University, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
4 Red River Valley Station, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58105, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Seasonal changes in temperature at a representative microhabitat of larval Belgica antarctica on Torgersen Island, near Palmer Station, Antarctica (64°46 S, 64°04 W). Microhabitat temperatures were measured in 2005–2006 using single-channel temperature loggers. The broken line indicates the equilibrium freezing point of the body fluids of fully hydrated, control larvae.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Changes in (A) body water content (N=15) and (B) body fluid melting point (N=6) of larval Belgica antarctica during slow cooling to –3°C in an environment at equilibrium with the vapor pressure of ice. Different letters indicate significant differences between values (ANOVA, Bonferroni–Dunn test, P<0.05). Values are mean ± s.e.m.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Body water content (WC) of individual Belgica antarctica larvae (N=30) during slow cooling to –3°C in contact with substrates of varying moisture content (A) 0.80, (B) 1.10 and (C) 1.40 g H2O g–1 dry soil. Triangles denote WC of individuals at day 0 and circles, the WC of frost-exposed individuals (day 16). Broken lines denote the mean WC of individuals at day 0 and 16, separated into `high' (frozen) and `low' (dehydrated) WC groups.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Percentage of Belgica antarctica larvae frozen during cooling to –3°C in contact with substrates of varying moisture content, as detected by the maintenance of `high' body water content, Different letters indicate significant differences between values (ANOVA, Bonferroni–Dunn test, P<0.05). Values are mean ± s.e.m. of three groups of ten individuals.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008