QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s):
Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search     Table of Contents

First published online February 1, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 482-490 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.014506

This Article Summary Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by McComb, D. M. Articles by Kajiura, S. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by McComb, D. M. Articles by Kajiura, S. M. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Visual fields of four batoid fishes: a comparative study

D. Michelle McComb^* and Stephen M. Kajiura

Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA

View larger version (7K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Phylogeny of batoid fishes [based on Shirai (Shirai, 1996) and Sasko et al. (Sasko et al., 2006)] depicting the most basal skate (Raja eglanteria), intermediate rays (Urobatis jamaicensis and Dasyatis sabina) and most derived ray (Rhinoptera bonasus). Line drawings of batoids are modified from Bigelow and Schroeder (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953).

View larger version (3K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The electroretinogram waveform response of Raja eglanteria to light stimulus. The presence of a positive waveform to the flash was the criterion used to determine the functional visual fields of the batoid fishes. Step bar indicates onset and duration of light flash.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The mean value (± s.e.m.) of each visual field demarcation as measured on both the horizontal and vertical planes. Bars that share the same upper or lower case letter do not differ significantly.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The static functional horizontal and vertical visual fields of four batoid species. Values within the shaded area represent monocular visual fields (left side) and the standardized convergence distance (right side). Values shown outside of the shaded areas represent binocular overlaps, and values in parentheses indicate blind areas. Urobatis jamaicensis possesses a 360° horizontal visual field, and Rhinoptera bonasus possesses a 360° vertical visual field. Line drawings of batoids are modified from previous publications (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953; Nicol, 1978).

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Visual fields and eye movements. The dynamic horizontal visual fields of four batoid species when the eyes are fully converged and fully diverged. The values at the anterior and posterior margins of the disk indicate the degrees of binocular overlap, or blind area if in parentheses.

View larger version (110K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The elaborate pupillary operculum structures that allow for the control of light entering the eyes of R. eglanteria (right) and U. jamaicensis (left).

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati

Twitter