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First published online January 18, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 289-291 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.008912
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FOUNDATIONS OF ANIMAL HYDRAULICS: GEODESIC FIBRES CONTROL THE SHAPE OF SOFT BODIED ANIMALS

Robert E. Shadwick

University of British Columbia


Figure 1
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Figure 2
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  		Fig. 1. (A) A unit length segment of a model worm, represented as a cylinder (radius r, length l) wrapped by one full turn of an inextensible fibre having length D; fibres with the opposite sense are omitted. The fibres follow the course of geodesics (i.e. the shortest line between two points on a curved surface). (B) The unit length in A cut along the top and laid open. (C) A curve representing the volume contained by the cylindrical fibre system at different fibre angles {theta}, showing the maximum occurring at 54.74°. Segments at low {theta} are long and thin; at high {theta} they are short and fat. The horizontal line represents the constant volume of the nemertean Amphiporus lactifloreus. It intersects the curve at F and G, which represent the maximum and minimum lengths, respectively. Figure reproduced from Clark and Cowey (Clark and Cowey, 1958Go).

 

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  		Fig. 2. The relationship between volume and fibre angle {theta} as in Fig. 1C, on which are superimposed the actual volumes of various nemerteans and turbellarians (fine horizontal lines). The heavy line segments show the range over which changes in length take place, comparing the experimental with theoretical extensibilities. Figure reproduced from Clark and Cowey (Clark and Cowey, 1958Go).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008