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First published online November 28, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3800-3807 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.017913
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Phenotypic differences in terrestrial frog embryos: effect of water potential and phase

Sarah J. Andrewartha, Nicola J. Mitchell* and Peter B. Frappell{dagger}

Adaptational and Evolutionary Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. The relationship between incubation water potential and (A) egg mass, and (B) capsule and perivitelline membrane diameters of stage 26 G. victoriana eggs. Error bars are ±1 s.e.m. Values for eggs raised above pure water (vapour water potential, {psi}v=0 kPa; vapour pressure of water, PH2O=1.4013 kPa) are shown by dotted lines. *Significant difference from values for eggs raised above pure water. {dagger}Significant linear regression. Open symbols are the values for eggs raised in shallow pure water ({psi}{pi}=0 kPa). Values are means ±1 s.e.m. N values for each treatment are as listed for the variable `Total length' in Table 3.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Examples of unhatched G. victoriana embryos and lateral and dorsal views of hatched larvae at Gosner stage 26. The scale bar is 2.5 mm.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. The relationship between incubation water potential and (A) whole (embryo+gut) embryo wet mass, whole (embryo+gut) embryo dry mass, dry gut-free embryo mass and dry gut mass and (B) the proportion of dry mass in gut and body of stage 26 G. victoriana embryos. Values for eggs raised above pure water ({psi}v=0 kPa, PH2O=1.4013 kPa) are shown by dotted lines. *Significant difference from values for eggs raised above pure water. {dagger}Significant linear regression. Open symbols are the values for eggs raised in shallow pure water ({psi}{pi}=0 kPa). Values are means ±1 s.e.m. N values for each treatment are as listed for the variable `Total length' in Table 3.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. The relationship between incubation water potential and dry mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (µl h–1 mg–1) of unhatched stage 26 G. victoriana embryos. Values for eggs raised above pure water ({psi}v=0 kPa, PH2O=1.4013 kPa) are shown by the dotted line. Open symbol shows the value for eggs raised in shallow pure water ({psi}{pi}=0 kPa). No statistical significance between means was observed. Values are means ±1 s.e.m. N values for each treatment are as listed for the variable `Total length' in Table 3.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008