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First published online November 14, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3698-3702 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.021980
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Better mate in the shade: enhancement of male mating behaviour in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora, in a UV-rich environment

Yoshiaki Obara1, Hisaharu Koshitaka2 and Kentaro Arikawa3,*

1 Behavioural Biology, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
2 Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
3 Laboratory of Neuroethology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Shonan Village, Hayama 240-0193, Japan


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. (A,B) Schematic drawing of the experimental set-up for positioning of female dummies in the shade and in the sunlight. (C) Transmittance spectra of the UV-opaque (solid, Cut-Ace-Clean, MKV Platech) and the UV-transparent (dotted, Clean-Ace-Daichi, MKB platech) plastic sheets.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. (A) Logarithmic plots of irradiation spectra measured as the reflection of an MgO-coated surface in direct sunlight (solid line) and in the shade (dotted line). (B) Same spectra as in A, normalized and plotted on a linear scale.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Male mating responses to female dummies in direct sunlight and in the shade when (A) the two dummies were placed 15 cm apart (see Fig. 1A) and (B) when the two dummies were placed 2 m apart (see Fig. 1B). (C) Logarithmic plots of reflection spectra of the ventral side of a female wing in the sunlight (solid line) and in the shade (dotted line). (D) Same spectra as in C, normalized and plotted on a linear scale.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Male mating behaviour in the UV-present and the UV-absent areas. (A) Female-searching flights in the open cabbage field. Grey regions of the bars show the number of males continuing to search; white regions show the number of males that stopped searching. (B) Number of mated pairs in closed arenas. (C) Logarithmic plots of the reflection spectra of the ventral side of a female hind wing in the UV-present (solid) and in the UV-absent (dotted) arenas set in the shade.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008