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First published online October 7, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3266-3271 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.018812
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Running biomechanics: shorter heels, better economy

M. N. Scholz1,*, M. F. Bobbert1, A. J. van Soest1, J. R. Clark2 and J. van Heerden3

1 Research Institute MOVE, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2 Institute of Sport Research, University of Pretoria, PO Box 14622, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
3 School of Sport Science, Physiotherapy and Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Sport Sciences and Optometry, Private Bag X54001, Druban 4000, South Africa


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Standardized picture of the lateral (A) and medial (B) side of the left foot, placed on, and aligned with, a reference block. The horizontal distance from the lateral and medial malleolus to the Achilles tendon was determined (black lines). Moment arm was calculated as the mean of these two distances.

 

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  		Fig. 2. Relationship between moment arm and oxygen consumption rate (Formula 8O2) in ml kg–1 min–1 at 16 km h–1. Dots are individual participants, the line is the best fit for the theoretical model y=ax–2+b, where x is moment arm in cm and y is Formula 8O2 in ml kg–1 min–1 at 16 km h–1 (a=–628.1, b=75.65, r=0.77). This model was derived from Eqn 7, assuming a linear spring (n=1). A very similar fit with r=0.76 can be obtained for the model y=cx–1.5+d, which is based on the assumption that n=2.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008