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First published online October 7, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3249-3257 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.020610
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Thermal tolerance in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Laura C. Yeates1,* and Dorian S. Houser2

1 US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA 92152, USA
2 Biomimetica Santee, CA 92071, USA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Measurement sites for blubber depth on the bottlenose dolphins. The letters designate the six sites where the probe from the portable ultrasound machine was placed on the dorsal (D1, D2), lateral (L1, L2) and ventral (V1, V2) surfaces. Dorsal and lateral measurements were made on or just off the midline of the dolphin.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Rate of oxygen consumption in relation to time since last feed (1.4 kg capelin). All points are single measurements from one dolphin (Tt3) with the exception of 180 min postfeed where the point represents the mean (±1 s.d.) of three measurements taken on different days. The solid line represents the mean rate of oxygen consumption for all dolphins at thermoneutrality. Dashed lines indicate ±1 s.d. of that mean.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Example of colonic body temperatures and corresponding linear regressions at 25 cm depth (open circles, solid line) and 15 cm depth (filled triangles, dotted line) and corresponding oxygen consumption (bottom; filled circles) in relation to water temperature in one adult male bottlenose dolphin (Tt2). The solid lines indicate the component linear regressions resulting from a segmented linear regression analysis. The intersection of the solid lines is taken as the lower critical temperature (5.7°C).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Lower critical water temperature (LCTw) in relation to individual body mass for dolphins residing in San Diego, CA. The line indicates the curvilinear relationship between body mass and lower critical water temperature according to the equation LCTw=1.22e–0.12M.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. The relationship between air temperature and rate of oxygen consumption for two adult male bottlenose dolphins (Tt3, filled circles; Tt4, open circles). For each VO2 measurement, water temperature ranged from 7.0 to 8.3°C and was above the individual's LCTw of 5.6 and 5.5°C.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008