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First published online September 19, 2008
Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 3139-3146 (2008)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2008
doi: 10.1242/jeb.021907
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Investigating onychophoran gas exchange and water balance as a means to inform current controversies in arthropod physiology

Susana Clusella-Trullas* and Steven L. Chown

Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Three typical 30 min CO2 and H2O release patterns of Peripatopsis capensis at 21% O2: (A) downregulated (recorded at 5°C), (B) interspersed (at 15°C) and (C) continuous gas exchange (at 15°C). Note that during downregulated events (body curling-up behaviour), CO2 decreases consistently whereas H2O remains constant. Activity is shown (not to scale) by the red line and represents the variance of activity (variation in A and B is from random instrument noise; spikes in C indicate activity). In C, the horizontal arrows indicate periods of stable continuous respiration during resting used to calculate mean standard metabolic rate.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Juvenile Peripatopsis capensis in (A) curling and (B) elongated body positions.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Proportion of individuals with each gas exchange pattern at different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C) and humidity treatments: (A) 70% RH, (B) 0% RH.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Effects of temperature and humidity on standard metabolic rate (ml CO2 h–1) of Peripatopsis capensis. Values are means ± 95% confidence intervals.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on (A) metabolic rate (ml CO2 h–1) and (B) water loss rate (mg H2O h–1) during resting periods of Peripatopsis capensis at 15°C. Values are means ± s.e.m.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2008